ext3升ext4

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  一台文件存储服务器单目录下子目录已经突破31998数限制，造成无法继续创建子目录，服务器系统环境为CentOS5.4 内核版本为2.6.18。解决方案只能是升级到ext4文件系统，首先到https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Ext4_Howto查了一下资料，文中的第一句便是“Ext4 was released as a functionally complete and stable filesystem in Linux 2.6.28”。难道只能升级内核一条路了吗？当然不是：）呵呵，下面总结本人实施/www分区从ext3升级至ext4步骤供大家参考。
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一、升级前状态
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[root@USER-SERVER ~]# df
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2             20315844   2342008  16925196  13% /
/dev/sda5            129863460    192192 122968152   1% /www
/dev/sda1               194442     17798    166605  10% /boot
0 `" \3 \8 n9 ~+ {& R9 o: u; [tmpfs                  1029680         0   1029680   0% /dev/shm
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无任何信息返回，说明/dev/sda5的ext4特征没有激活
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[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda5 | grep extent
  _  G4 g; d* s1 G- M[root@USER-SERVER ~]#



安装所需包
4 M6 J7 d6 l( \8 z源码安装：
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wget http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/ ... rogs-1.41.12.tar.gz
8 z7 S- J( s# t+ ctar zxvf e2fsprogs-1.41.12.tar.gz; cd e2fsprogs-1.41.12
./configure
make;make install
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2 ]3 g. r+ \" S0 I. {$ p! ~RPM安装：
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yum -y install e2fsprogs

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二、制作引导镜像
% g7 v" x/ j: K- L: w查找并加载相应的模块，如只需ext4支持，可将--with=ext3去掉
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[root@USER-SERVER boot]# mv /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img.old
1 \; t( k. W% Q$ A# r0 G: B$ }[root@USER-SERVER boot]# mkinitrd -v --with=ext4 --with=ext3 /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img `uname -r`
! E0 L* ?8 L! o- }7 g* Z# ECreating initramfs
Looking for deps of module ehci-hcd
$ ]9 w8 l1 a& J4 oLooking for deps of module ohci-hcd
1 P/ g! d: y$ {0 YLooking for deps of module uhci-hcd
% Y. ~/ b. ~/ i% [Looking for deps of module ext3: jbd
2 y3 t- c& N& j' ]3 c% s3 N6 ELooking for deps of module jbd
Found root device sda2 for LABEL=/
# l4 h* W0 n2 o! VLooking for driver for device sda2
, o$ `; y0 ]. l. H( G* v2 M; ^% W2 ELooking for deps of module pci:v00008086d00002680sv000017AAsd00006B7Cbc01sc01i8f: scsi_mod libata ata_piix
Looking for deps of module scsi_mod
Looking for deps of module sd_mod: scsi_mod
Looking for deps of module libata: scsi_mod
9 L+ p# Z( D* jLooking for deps of module ata_piix: scsi_mod libata
Looking for driver for device sda3
Looking for deps of module pci:v00008086d00002680sv000017AAsd00006B7Cbc01sc01i8f: scsi_mod libata ata_piix
( T" }+ I" S: U" k2 SLooking for deps of module usb-storage: scsi_mod
Looking for deps of module ide-disk
Looking for deps of module dm-mem-cache
Looking for deps of module dm-region_hash: dm-mod dm-log
Looking for deps of module dm-mod
Looking for deps of module dm-log: dm-mod
+ C+ s. y! V  L" k* K# {/ B0 k  }Looking for deps of module dm-message
" i7 A. b% ~0 }& RLooking for deps of module dm-raid45: dm-message dm-mod dm-mem-cache dm-log dm-region_hash
, o2 u3 V4 |! Y# J. yLooking for deps of module ext4: crc16 jbd2
Looking for deps of module crc16
Looking for deps of module jbd2
. V! @* M1 T* L/ a! {- l0 S" VUsing modules:  /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/uhci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/scsi_mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/sd_mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/libata.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/ata_piix.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mem-cache.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-log.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-region_hash.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-message.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-raid45.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/lib/crc16.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd2/jbd2.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext4/ext4.ko
/sbin/nash -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/nash
8 G- D! U; x' s" Q' k/sbin/insmod.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/insmod
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ehci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ohci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/uhci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/uhci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
# R) t( j1 J$ Lcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/jbd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ext3.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/scsi_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/scsi_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/sd_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/sd_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
* m, X" W% C6 ccopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/libata.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/libata.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/ata_piix.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ata_piix.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/usb-storage.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mem-cache.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-mem-cache.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
, J3 Z% h, L4 u( Ncopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-log.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-log.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-region_hash.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-region_hash.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
6 |, k' e/ P) ^# B! ?7 K+ \copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-message.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-message.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
; O, q2 C* ]' e  w) h. mcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-raid45.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-raid45.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
; z' R8 i* Y$ k, ?copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/lib/crc16.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/crc16.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
2 Q4 g8 k4 {4 I* \* _: A3 F7 U, Mcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd2/jbd2.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/jbd2.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
3 Y7 C  x6 o& k) `& Vcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext4/ext4.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ext4.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
/sbin/dmraid.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/dmraid
/sbin/kpartx.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/kpartx
: t% h: Y5 @( y% HAdding module ehci-hcd
Adding module ohci-hcd
Adding module uhci-hcd
Adding module jbd
Adding module ext3
7 n* G4 P4 P9 K5 I/ t% n4 Y) n* O2 jAdding module scsi_mod
Adding module sd_mod
" T0 T4 R9 g8 K8 `+ ]+ I4 jAdding module libata
- H* W% \- ]0 H3 n4 o4 wAdding module ata_piix
Adding module usb-storage
Adding module dm-mem-cache
Adding module dm-mod
Adding module dm-log
! b: u3 w2 ~4 y' s4 r( T* bAdding module dm-region_hash
Adding module dm-message
Adding module dm-raid45
Adding module crc16
9 J% k8 C% n$ ]9 K& G# Z+ v3 NAdding module jbd2
Adding module ext4
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重启
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# reboot

三、格式转换
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# umount  /dev/sda5
$ L% q' X9 ]2 m" B! H[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -O has_journal,extents,huge_file,flex_bg,uninit_bg,dir_nlink,extra_isize /dev/sda5
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" D: I( u7 ^' F" n5 Y) `tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Please run e2fsck on the filesystem.
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, N) }7 m4 b- d' \$ d四、修改转换文件系统错误并挂载
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# e2fsck -fDC0 /dev/sda5 -y
; a2 M: k$ g% [9 p, }  ][root@USER-SERVER ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/sda5 /www

五、修改文件系统信息(重要！否则重启后会还原为ext3)
将
) e+ W. V  y9 PLABEL=/www              /www                    ext3    defaults        1 2
+ E; Z7 N* S: ^4 X, L修改为
) f) a# E8 w( m9 }) zLABEL=/www              /www                    ext4    defaults        1 2
" k/ a6 ?9 }8 D9 R3 q! Y+ s[root@USER-SERVER ~]# vi /etc/fstab
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oot@USER-SERVER ~]# vi /etc/fstab
LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
( x. ~$ Q, h4 C$ j3 z, YLABEL=/www              /www                    ext4    defaults        1 2
/ t, R0 W3 j* b! n" aLABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
2 t( g" N  b' Ytmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda3         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0



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/ i% S* L3 [, I: r* G+ ^六、升级后状态
7 n. }0 {* x3 W8 Q' j, c5 C" Zext4的特征全激活了：）
. b. k* ]; A- I) G7 S) x7 B2 @#[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda5 | grep extent
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Filesystem features:      has_journal resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
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$ P8 c# s8 o2 V" M: a[root@USER-SERVER ~]# df -T
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5 y; B# i9 n; T  K3 p- PFilesystem    Type   1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2     ext3    20315844   2310764  16956440  12% /
/dev/sda1     ext3      194442     20563    163840  12% /boot
tmpfs        tmpfs     1029672         0   1029672   0% /dev/shm
) f/ e" i' x$ N! a/dev/sda5     ext4   129863460    192192 122968152   1% /www

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admin

Force fsck on boot using
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9 u- o1 @' V; b9 Q. V/forcefsckBy creating

( r3 g* g, v( s* R) s) p: c. B /forcefsck file you will force the Linux system (or rc scripts) to perform a full file system
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: u! q. I$ B- G) g check. First, login as the root user:$ su -OR

$ sudo -s

Change directory to root (/)
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directory [optional]:
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# cd /

Create a file called forcefsck:
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! |. M5 r$ p. i+ I1 B, P6 g# touch /forcefsck

1 G8 S$ W7 D  c2 _Now, reboot the system:
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