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[解决后端使用ceph qem性能问题]（升级kvm后使用virt-type=kvm（qemu-system-x86_64、qemu-kvm、qemu-img）& G0 W& K+ l m# Z) C) \1 L
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由于升级libvirt、 qemu 后没有qemu-kvm模块。nova配置文件配置为 virt-type=kvm将会报错、配置为qemu则性能低。 ( s, J9 G0 ]. ?9 d: h& j0 y [
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关于kvm、和qemu类型选择请参考博文：qemu中KVM硬件虚拟化的初始化分析 (tcg、xen、kvm、qtest)
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1、使用virt-type=qemu启动的虚拟机：
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$ _+ p* Q0 ?; b& d @7 R, H- root 24502 17.6 0.4 2530112 307192 ? Sl 21:51 1:23 /usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 -name instance-00000001 -S -machine pc-i440fx-1.6,accel=tcg,usb=off -m 512 -realtime mlock=off -smp 1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1 -uuid 8ee337e0-4808-49e7-9e66-45dc4a7b1f40 -smbios type=1,manufacturer=Red Hat Inc.,product=openstack Nova,version=2014.1.1-3.el6,serial=44454c4c-3600-1058-8033-b3c04f463232,uuid=8ee337e0-4808-49e7-9e66-45dc4a7b1f40 -no-user-config -nodefaults -chardev socket,id=charmonitor,path=/usr/local/libvirt/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/instance-00000001.monitor,server,nowait -mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=control -rtc base=utc -no-shutdown -device piix3-usb-uhci,id=usb,bus=pci.0,addr=0x1.0x2 -drive file=rbd:liunova/8ee337e0-4808-49e7-9e66-45dc4a7b1f40_disk:id=admin:key=AQBlwSxU0HsWBxAAMfhhWANPIIDihk7JTFunKQ==:auth_supported=cephx\;none:mon_host=192.168.10.186\:6789\;192.168.10.187\:6789\;192.168.10.188\:6789\;192.168.10.189\:6789,if=none,id=drive-virtio-disk0,format=raw,cache=none -device virtio-blk-pci,scsi=off,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4,drive=drive-virtio-disk0,id=virtio-disk0,bootindex=1 -netdev tap,fd=18,id=hostnet0 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=fa:16:3e:99:7c:a0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 -chardev file,id=charserial0,path=/var/lib/nova/instances/8ee337e0-4808-49e7-9e66-45dc4a7b1f40/console.log -device isa-serial,chardev=charserial0,id=serial0 -chardev pty,id=charserial1 -device isa-serial,chardev=charserial1,id=serial1 -device usb-tablet,id=input0 -spice port=5900,addr=0.0.0.0,disable-ticketing,seamless-migration=on -k en-us -device qxl-vga,id=video0,ram_size=67108864,vram_size=67108864,bus=pci.0,addr=0x2 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x5+ T O1 H: f8 B: V
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, |& w/ M( b% q% Q( q3 R: }很明显看到上面使用的是/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64。
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N- ~) Z3 _( X& g3 T2、virt-type=kvm用openstack生成虚拟机，报错： 0 Q# Y: E0 l- l0 `) c4 U- c
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. A" R# v4 |; B9 X5 q- 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] Traceback (most recent call last):5 m& u/ J Y6 b8 l* E" g3 x
- 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/compute/manager.py", line 1305, in _build_instance& a7 j" R9 U# s& ?; i- j
- 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] set_access_ip=set_access_ip)
# n& I$ H- D- M8 S" Y - 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/compute/manager.py", line 393, in decorated_function
3 C$ u( o, _! {. F v; W - 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] return function(self, context, *args, **kwargs)
3 l& y6 _5 ?0 H1 D/ o9 q - 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/compute/manager.py", line 1717, in _spawn
5 L' L% ~- m9 f" b4 q6 B& N2 L! u - 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] LOG.exception(_('Instance failed to spawn'), instance=instance)3 Z4 r8 B* c+ f6 x2 Q! Q
- 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/openstack/common/excutils.py", line 68, in __exit__+ d9 B; \; {) O/ P; N, X, Z, W _) I
- 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] six.reraise(self.type_, self.value, self.tb)
9 R8 k1 S$ C3 g - 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/compute/manager.py", line 1714, in _spawn
- Y! l! b& y2 V8 l - 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] block_device_info)8 r! D# c9 `% u5 h4 C/ n9 L- q& o! Y
- 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/virt/libvirt/driver.py", line 2265, in spawn
4 S3 I7 K4 C' n4 `) E - 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] block_device_info)( K! I6 V" C, Y* s3 a: w# H. E& f
- 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/virt/libvirt/driver.py", line 3656, in _create_domain_and_network
2 N& z( j) n1 G) e g t/ w/ O - 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] power_on=power_on)+ y- f4 p2 P" K; }5 [
- 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/virt/libvirt/driver.py", line 3559, in _create_domain6 W2 z0 L9 D: N
- 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] domain.XMLDesc(0))+ a( a m5 y8 r9 L2 f9 A. r3 y! v, J
- 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/openstack/common/excutils.py", line 68, in __exit__- w+ x3 T2 f5 I. u0 H5 Q
- 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] six.reraise(self.type_, self.value, self.tb)8 \% u8 O) ? E6 i" ^- U
- 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/virt/libvirt/driver.py", line 3554, in _create_domain
, j% L% u. S: z - 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] domain.createWithFlags(launch_flags)" a0 `+ W) d: F: ^" x: V
- 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/eventlet/tpool.py", line 183, in doit; ?& O* S/ t) L2 q0 U
- 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] result = proxy_call(self._autowrap, f, *args, **kwargs)
' M, b+ S& p2 Z - 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/eventlet/tpool.py", line 141, in proxy_call
_( k: R0 @: X* b% o$ s$ R - 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] rv = execute(f, *args, **kwargs)
5 [: [: t3 B+ u: W - 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/eventlet/tpool.py", line 122, in execute
2 X5 W h: P3 t% N - 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] six.reraise(c, e, tb)6 {+ M/ @# K0 Z2 q& a
- 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/eventlet/tpool.py", line 80, in tworker
5 |' [' h9 G& c. f, s4 B. d; ?8 u - 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] rv = meth(*args, **kwargs)
$ b6 ]9 q& v5 Q - 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/libvirt.py", line 727, in createWithFlags
! L, `1 N- k7 C# A - 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] if ret == -1: raise libvirtError ('virDomainCreateWithFlags() failed', dom=self)- A6 g- B, y- K' m
- 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee1tafd7f8] libvirtError: internal error: process exited while connecting to monitor: char device redirected to /dev/pts/4
4 ?4 f- j j6 V9 x# J f - 2014-11-18 21:53:55.498 25214 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8] q%mu-kvm: -drive file=rbd:liunova/5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8_disk:id=admin:key=AQBlwSxU0HsWBxAAMfhhWANPIIDihk7JTFunKQ==:auth_supported=cephx\;none:mon_host=192.168.10.186\:6789\;192.168.10.187\:6789\;192.168.10.188\:6789\;192.168.10.189\:6789,if=none,id=drive-virtio-disk0,format=raw,cache=none%sA could not open disk image rbd:liunova/5b50ed5b-c3d9-40cd-889d-0aee14afd7f8_disk:id=admin:key=AQBlwSxU0HsWBxAAMfhhWANPIIDihk7JTFunKQ==:auth_supported=cephx\;none:mon_host=192.168.10.186\:6789\;192.168.10.187\:6789\;192.168.10.188\:6789\;192.168.10.189\:6789: No such file or directory
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0 z* p. Y _8 a* Y1 r# {) A, L3、关于qemu-system-x86_64、qemu-kvm、qemu-img ! O& U4 c+ O" J% u3 i% [: |
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查看上面两个qemu-img对应的版本及支持格式：
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在回到上述错误：
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图3.4
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保存到相册
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此处启动用的qemu-kvm：
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查找qemu-kvm： 9 L9 u' n5 x3 R; O9 `
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查看qemu-kvm版本：
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再找到对应的0.12.1版本的qemu-img（图3.2），发现不支持rbd（ceph后端使用需要rbd支持）。（注：图3.3qemu-img支持rbd。）
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通过上面分析总结一下： . ]) f+ L' ^: Z0 H* Y W8 z$ r# _, P
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/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64与/usr/local/qemu/bin/qemu-img是配套的。版本为：version 1.6.1（手动编译1.6.1 qemu的源码包之后版本）
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3 L/ t8 |( d7 o- O( Y/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm与/usr/bin/qemu-img是配套的。版本为：version 0.12.1（为升级前版本） . Y! }4 y0 _7 z: p' ~ c3 N7 ]- J
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这样就可以解释图3.4的错误了，因为图3.4使用的是V0.12.1，而V0.12.1的qemu-img没有编译支持rbd的模块，因此出现图3.4错误。
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解决办法： , X1 p+ M! x/ _* b' [3 e
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将图3.4中启动的qemu-kvm替换为新版version 1.6.1的/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64来启动虚拟机。 ) u( e+ l1 J$ q, }" Y" r) [" L/ `$ r
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5 M7 J: n* A$ U' I5 h3 ~- mv /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm.bak
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再次生成虚拟机： * V2 T' D5 i0 u5 P6 c. G+ n
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再来看看底册启动参数：
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& Y5 Q* `! N3 O/ c$ Y- ps aux | grep qemu i' e# {8 @+ U( ?
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3 s+ G( |( v- h6 p w; J发现后面生成的虚拟机，将nova.conf配置为virt-type=kvm之后。再将原生自带的qemu-kvm移除掉则能正常生成虚拟机。且生成的虚拟机使用了kvm虚拟机（accel=kvm），提高了性能。
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# L% T! q* h" F7 x! z R& _- 1、当nova.conf配置为virt-type=qemu时候，会使用qemu软件特性模拟生成虚拟机，一次性能降低。1 _4 [3 _+ B9 \
# a' s3 P$ |4 _' j5 f- 2、当nova.conf配置为virt-type=kvm时候，首先回去查找qemu-kvm模块。如果存在qemu-kvm模块则直接使用此模块启动虚拟机。如果qemu-kvm模块找不到，则会去寻找qemu-system-x86_64，找到则用qemu-system-x86_64启动虚拟机，并使用kvm虚拟机特性。及开启--enable-kvm特性参数
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8 D2 u# K* y) G4 ]0 C: y- 在老版本中有单独的qemu-kvm模块存在，结合qemu一起做虚拟机工作。在后续新版本中，已经将qemu-kvm模块完全合并到qemu中去。因此当需要使用kvm特性时候，只需要qemu-system-x86_64 启动命令中增加参数 --enable-kvm参数使能即可。* Y8 f& c. H n, \/ W+ T
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