ext3升ext4

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  一台文件存储服务器单目录下子目录已经突破31998数限制，造成无法继续创建子目录，服务器系统环境为CentOS5.4 内核版本为2.6.18。解决方案只能是升级到ext4文件系统，首先到https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Ext4_Howto查了一下资料，文中的第一句便是“Ext4 was released as a functionally complete and stable filesystem in Linux 2.6.28”。难道只能升级内核一条路了吗？当然不是：）呵呵，下面总结本人实施/www分区从ext3升级至ext4步骤供大家参考。

9 G0 g( Z1 D  }5 `3 P; a1 f: P一、升级前状态
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[root@USER-SERVER ~]# df
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2             20315844   2342008  16925196  13% /
* V2 l' y: E' o+ n7 F/dev/sda5            129863460    192192 122968152   1% /www
. {6 }! P( M# a( T9 W) ?* L/dev/sda1               194442     17798    166605  10% /boot
tmpfs                  1029680         0   1029680   0% /dev/shm
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7 U& X! x9 v( D# K% M% E4 N; B' O# o无任何信息返回，说明/dev/sda5的ext4特征没有激活
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[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda5 | grep extent
0 \6 X$ b  y% Q- W! N[root@USER-SERVER ~]#
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安装所需包
3 ?! \- z7 H( P# E1 Z4 v源码安装：
引用

wget http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/ ... rogs-1.41.12.tar.gz
4 a& d: W% J9 A. `* ctar zxvf e2fsprogs-1.41.12.tar.gz; cd e2fsprogs-1.41.12
./configure
1 r5 P- t) M4 }* Z' q! F" ^make;make install


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* S. q. ?* p: Q/ u9 ERPM安装：
引用
# c  a& y6 i) ^5 `" P
" }( |) P# n( m. nyum -y install e2fsprogs



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二、制作引导镜像
查找并加载相应的模块，如只需ext4支持，可将--with=ext3去掉
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) Z, c3 \  E5 s. V" ^4 w' g& ~1 p[root@USER-SERVER boot]# mv /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img.old
[root@USER-SERVER boot]# mkinitrd -v --with=ext4 --with=ext3 /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img `uname -r`
2 n! {3 [- R0 H. x0 K; ICreating initramfs
- @; }# N% H' R0 k3 K! JLooking for deps of module ehci-hcd
6 c: y, c0 j$ p& KLooking for deps of module ohci-hcd
& ?0 c1 J# ~! K$ c6 kLooking for deps of module uhci-hcd
! c0 s2 C, C' U, YLooking for deps of module ext3: jbd
+ }- p0 }5 B; r5 A  {Looking for deps of module jbd
Found root device sda2 for LABEL=/
Looking for driver for device sda2
Looking for deps of module pci:v00008086d00002680sv000017AAsd00006B7Cbc01sc01i8f: scsi_mod libata ata_piix
Looking for deps of module scsi_mod
$ H: v; x- y0 T" m9 |2 @6 S! sLooking for deps of module sd_mod: scsi_mod
4 M7 ?) m" |/ D9 p$ V1 O# H: @Looking for deps of module libata: scsi_mod
/ c$ I2 G( C  t0 F' k( v5 }Looking for deps of module ata_piix: scsi_mod libata
3 h/ N, |2 \, Y3 p% r$ p+ NLooking for driver for device sda3
Looking for deps of module pci:v00008086d00002680sv000017AAsd00006B7Cbc01sc01i8f: scsi_mod libata ata_piix
9 q& |: y* ]7 h1 XLooking for deps of module usb-storage: scsi_mod
Looking for deps of module ide-disk
, d+ z+ H  j: M( E% t# iLooking for deps of module dm-mem-cache
Looking for deps of module dm-region_hash: dm-mod dm-log
6 `% L- n0 I& z) Z4 ~& _" V; S6 w! HLooking for deps of module dm-mod
+ j% n, t! w! Z8 N( m0 HLooking for deps of module dm-log: dm-mod
/ n5 X) w8 P/ r1 _Looking for deps of module dm-message
' \# \6 v  S5 z( ?Looking for deps of module dm-raid45: dm-message dm-mod dm-mem-cache dm-log dm-region_hash
; c1 ^6 Z& f: x6 L/ ALooking for deps of module ext4: crc16 jbd2
Looking for deps of module crc16
, J* @% s5 R  `4 ^7 aLooking for deps of module jbd2
Using modules:  /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/uhci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/scsi_mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/sd_mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/libata.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/ata_piix.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mem-cache.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-log.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-region_hash.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-message.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-raid45.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/lib/crc16.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd2/jbd2.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext4/ext4.ko
/sbin/nash -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/nash
' {0 N( T4 W* h( O# j# D/sbin/insmod.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/insmod
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ehci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
& {6 ^# w; G$ kcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ohci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/uhci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/uhci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
$ p- d3 ~2 K7 x3 M( S2 Z- Qcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/jbd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ext3.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/scsi_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/scsi_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
0 p/ a/ Y. `* x/ N5 i- dcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/sd_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/sd_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
: j. T. E* r7 C; T5 p$ P4 Xcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/libata.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/libata.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
2 ]- G% w$ _1 Z1 p7 Hcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/ata_piix.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ata_piix.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/usb-storage.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mem-cache.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-mem-cache.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
1 ?! V* }6 \$ Q0 c- M2 ]copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-log.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-log.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
! M% e' ^0 h3 P% r+ d( |copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-region_hash.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-region_hash.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
' V' r( j9 A: icopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-message.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-message.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
8 Q' b) |; J, {6 bcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-raid45.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-raid45.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/lib/crc16.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/crc16.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
' c) @: ?) _) T  O( `copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd2/jbd2.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/jbd2.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext4/ext4.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ext4.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
# Z2 m2 w7 @& w% w/sbin/dmraid.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/dmraid
/sbin/kpartx.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/kpartx
Adding module ehci-hcd
Adding module ohci-hcd
Adding module uhci-hcd
Adding module jbd
Adding module ext3
Adding module scsi_mod
Adding module sd_mod
. ~1 H$ }9 X3 X* f' i: BAdding module libata
Adding module ata_piix
Adding module usb-storage
Adding module dm-mem-cache
2 C' L! Z1 }4 gAdding module dm-mod
4 K  F& R( n  a0 T! c# UAdding module dm-log
9 A5 u! I' X) v/ w+ _1 {. ^Adding module dm-region_hash
, L) ]) D$ `; E! A* fAdding module dm-message
' j8 s- g9 G$ Z7 vAdding module dm-raid45
0 }, `9 h" r' hAdding module crc16
$ g- y2 S1 @. Q6 C( E% i- VAdding module jbd2
Adding module ext4
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重启
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# reboot
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三、格式转换
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# umount  /dev/sda5
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -O has_journal,extents,huge_file,flex_bg,uninit_bg,dir_nlink,extra_isize /dev/sda5
引用

tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
; c3 V0 X. P. V# q7 U5 bPlease run e2fsck on the filesystem.
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# N+ B7 G& d3 z, G3 M四、修改转换文件系统错误并挂载
" M4 O6 I( T5 y# e: s3 G[root@USER-SERVER ~]# e2fsck -fDC0 /dev/sda5 -y
$ z- O( G4 g: `1 a[root@USER-SERVER ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/sda5 /www

五、修改文件系统信息(重要！否则重启后会还原为ext3)
将
& O2 `( B( I$ e7 X- F2 L6 NLABEL=/www              /www                    ext3    defaults        1 2
) {5 M  s) X3 f4 N9 r# e- ^9 t修改为
LABEL=/www              /www                    ext4    defaults        1 2
/ B- S- X+ A% O# H  _( D7 V4 ?[root@USER-SERVER ~]# vi /etc/fstab
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8 S. S# N0 |1 r( voot@USER-SERVER ~]# vi /etc/fstab
LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
- Y2 d1 }: O4 Y$ f) DLABEL=/www              /www                    ext4    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
7 C6 l% K5 q8 [( q" `proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
0 C! N2 z5 X' m% xLABEL=SWAP-sda3         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

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六、升级后状态
0 G  o6 Z) D# y% K! X/ jext4的特征全激活了：）
#[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda5 | grep extent
引用
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Filesystem features:      has_journal resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
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2 C2 I# k; u& P  r+ L% I[root@USER-SERVER ~]# df -T
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Filesystem    Type   1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2     ext3    20315844   2310764  16956440  12% /
8 h( m. m2 F& U3 R8 h3 u/dev/sda1     ext3      194442     20563    163840  12% /boot
9 k+ A# Q  p+ wtmpfs        tmpfs     1029672         0   1029672   0% /dev/shm
1 z0 n2 J5 O  W6 \( g& N, [( q, V/dev/sda5     ext4   129863460    192192 122968152   1% /www
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admin

Force fsck on boot using
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/forcefsckBy creating

+ u- l( o$ U' e! X( @( s /forcefsck file you will force the Linux system (or rc scripts) to perform a full file system
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check. First, login as the root user:$ su -OR

$ sudo -s
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2 u3 _1 H7 E8 v8 pChange directory to root (/)
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directory [optional]:
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# cd /
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Create a file called forcefsck:

# touch /forcefsck
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; C4 T1 k) _7 @+ B& [" I! ^9 I0 FNow, reboot the system: